Illinois Tax Problems

Illinois Governor Pat Quinn was re-elected with a platform built on higher tax rates. According to many analysts, it was an improbable win because of the prospect of higher taxes. But to the surprise of many pundits, Governor Quinn was ushered into the office for another term.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Illinois’ Tax Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reaction can be understood if one takes a look at the figures. The proposed income tax hike amounted to a significant increase from 3% to 5.25%. In addition, the state would also impose a tax increase in personal property tax. As a result, the corporate tax rate would increase to 10.9%. It was a major upgrade and a burden to many businessmen. The expected and unexpected outcome of the proposed tax increase was to initiate a chain-reaction of events that forced big businesses to search for a place to relocate. In other words, Illinois could n o longer be considered as a practical place to conduct business. It triggered a panic reaction from the governor, and he offered tax breaks for companies like Motorola, Sears, and Caterpillar. However, medium-scale enterprises were unable to avail of multi-million dollar tax breaks enjoyed by previously mentioned conglomerates. The tax problems prompted many to offer solutions to the burgeoning budget deficit of the state, and some said that it could be solved not by higher tax rates but reduction in expenses. Macroeconomics The articles offered a good case study of macroeconomics. Roger Leroy Miller’s book provided a clear discussion of macroeconomics because it is one of the means to study the economy of a state or a nation. In this particular case, the macroeconomic consideration for the state of Illinois examines the impact of the new tax laws not only on the giant corporations that can be found in the state but also on the economy of neighboring states. In addition, a ma croeconomic view of the tax issue enables the analysts to see the cause and effect of certain policies. In other words, the macroeconomic view considers the wide-range effect on an area not just an individual. It must be pointed out that when Governor Quinn increased the tax rate, he also considered the macroeconomic impact of his decisions. Although the tax hike could be seen as an additional burden to the families which saw their tax bill increase significantly, the positive impact of the said move should not be discounted.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Governor Quinn made the argument that this move could narrow down the budget deficit and provide a better future for everyone. On the other hand, the neighboring states began to entice corporations to relocate. Viewed from a macroeconomic perspective, this means that unemployment rate in Illinois will skyrocket if Gover nor Quinn cannot stop the exodus from happening. Tax Issues The proposed tax hike was a reaction to the problem of budget deficit that threatened to derail the state of Illinois. The current figures indicated that Illinois could not pay 40% of needed expenditures. In other words, there was no way to generate $15 billion. If this amount were not in the government coffers, then there would be no money to pay for pension and healthcare expenses. It was a devastating prospect for the workers who diligently toiled for decades in anticipation of an idyllic retirement period. It was also a nightmare for those who depended on the state for employment benefits and healthcare. The public school system would be affected and other services that the government had to support. As a result, Governor Quinn was forced to increase the tax rate. The people acceded to his request because he made it clear that there was no other way to solve the problem. The people voted for Quinn because he convinced t hem that he could solve the problems that buffeted the economy of the state of Illinois. The main component of the campaign promise was to force giant corporations to fork out more taxes. It was a proposition that was easy to understand. Big profits could be translated to more tax money and, therefore, could increase the funds of the state. Unfortunately, the plan backfired when corporations like Caterpillar and Motorola threatened to relocate to another state where the tax laws were not as crippling. When Governor Quinn began to offer tax breaks, the average tax payer began to recoil in dismay and unbelief. It came to a point when an expert weighed in and said that the decision of Governor Quinn to appease big businessmen with tax breaks was not only disturbing but could also create a dangerous precedent that could significantly erode public confidence. It could even create a major financial crisis in the said state. Solutions from Taxpayers’ Point of View There were two maj or groups of tax payers. The first group was comprised of employees and entrepreneurs. The second group consisted of the multinational companies like Caterpillar and Motorola. From the perspective of the first group, the solution to the problem was to increase the taxes imposed on big corporations. They also proposed to lessen expenditures. A specific suggestion was to reduce the amount of money that the state committed to pay retirees.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Illinois’ Tax Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second group, on the other hand, offered a one-sided solution to the problem. The solution came in the form of tax breaks. In other words, they were amenable to the idea of raising the tax rates, but when it came to the giant corporations, the amount that they had to pay was covered with the millions of dollars in tax breaks given by the state. Solutions from Selected Officials Th e solution provided by Governor Quinn was to raise the income tax of the workers and to increase corporate tax. But at the same time, he turned around to offer a tax break for big business groups like Motorola and Caterpillar. It should be made clear that government officials agreed with the proposal to cut government spending. As a result, the state legislature proposed a pension-reform bill. The purpose of the said bill was to reduce the commitment of the government to future retirees. Thus, the newly hired workers are not going to enjoy the same type of benefits received by present day retirees. Conclusion The budget deficit forced Governor Quinn and the state legislature to increase the income and corporate taxes. The campaign promise was anchored on the idea that giant corporations located in Illinois would help shoulder the burden. But when the new tax rate was announced, big corporations threatened to relocate, and this prompted another impulsive reaction from Governor Quinn. He offered tax breaks for these corporations. The people were dismayed with this new development and suggested other solutions that could help solve the tax problems faced by the state. This article on Illinois’ Tax Problems was written and submitted by user Landon Bowers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

LinkedIns Company Follow Feature Adds Status Updates!

LinkedIns Company Follow Feature Adds Status Updates! Breaking News about LinkedIns Company Follow LinkedIn announced on October 10 that it was rolling out yet a new feature that will change the face of what it means to follow a company on LinkedIn.   For a year and a half prior to this development, it has been possible to follow companies on LinkedIn.   But the information available was rather limited, i.e.,   1) when employees join, leave or are promoted; 2) new job opportunities; and 3) company profile updates. If you are a job seeker interested in working at a company, or if you are a recruiter, the three pieces of information listed above can be quite useful.   You can keep track of useful tidbits like how many and what type of people a company is hiring, how many people get promoted, and how many employees leave the company.   As LinkedIn suggested in its April 2010 announcement about the Company Follow feature, Get on the inside track with â€Å"Company Follow,† if you are geography teacher you might be quite interested if you see web technology companies hiring people like you! What was missing from the Company Follow feature was the ability to get news and information from the company itself. That has now changed with the advent of†¦Ã‚   Company Status updates! Yes, it’s true. Companies on LinkedIn can now act just like people and post updates to their very own status bar.   With a 500-character limit, these updates can be substantial. And you can follow them with a simple click of the mouse! Whats in it for you? How might company updates help you as a job seeker?   Well, you have probably heard a lot about the â€Å"hidden job market.†Ã‚   Most high level positions are actually filled without being advertised. Note well:   Status updates allow you to find out any news that a company thinks is important to share.   If you read these updates carefully, you might find a good reason to contact the company, comment on these new developments, and make a positive impression on a decision-maker. You might be thinking, â€Å"Well, if company updates are available to everyone, won’t everyone be pestering these poor decision-makers with congratulatory notes and other correspondence?† My best guess is that most people will not take advantage of the opportunities presented by Company Follow. They might not be paying attention, or they might be too scared to write a letter to a decision-maker. By truly utilizing the information that is available, you will set yourself apart. You may already have ideas of companies you want to follow.   Start following them!   In addition, take a look at the Search for Companies homepage.   You will be given â€Å"Companies You May Want to Follow,† much the same as you can find â€Å"Groups you Might Like† under the Groups tab. Follow The Essay Experts Company Page on LinkedIn Here’s a great idea: How about starting by following The Essay Expert! I will be updating my status from time to time to let you know of developments that might interest you. And I will always be happy to hear from you in response to my updates. For any company owners reading this, you have a new task to add to your list:   updating your company status bar and starting to gather followers.   As of now, posting is a â€Å"by hand† type of job, though I hear HootSuite is working on integration. LinkedIn might not catch up to facebook when it comes to creating company buzz, but for job seekers LinkedIn is still the place to be†¦Ã‚   and to follow. Follow The Essay Expert!

Financial Upheavals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Upheavals - Assignment Example On the other hand, the Great Recession of 2008 is the most recent economic downturn in country, the pangs of which are being felt even today. Both these financial upheavals share similarities in terms of their causes and consequences. They led to extensive loan foreclosures, bank failures, high unemployment rates and a slump in manufacturing sector. The reason for the panic of 1819 can be attributed to the economic system of the United States (Rothbard 2002). It was the panic of 1819 that brought the grand economic expansion following the War of 1812 to an end. Inflation, debtors’ relief which was invariably tied with monetary schemes and a protective tariff played a pivotal role in creating the situation of panic in the country at that time. On the other hand, the onset of the Recession of 2008 can be attributed to complex and interlinked factors. Sub-prime lending, loose monetary policy, global imbalances and lax financial regulation were responsible for the latest financial upheaval that has had the entire world reeling. Proposal is hereby made to write a detailed paper which will compare and contrast these two historic financial upheavals; the earliest and the latest to have rocked the United States of America with special emphasis on the role of the monetary policy in each

Masters Entry Diploma in Management - Management Development Essay

Masters Entry Diploma in Management - Management Development - Essay Example OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Measuring the effectiveness of a sales or marketing technique requires comparing it against other methods under similar conditions. This study will have three major objectives to achieve the purpose of comparing hard-sell techniques to other sales techniques. The first objective is to define and describe what a consumer would consider hard-sell techniques, based on previously extant literature and studies. The second objective will then be to assess customer opinions of and responses to salespeople that use the previously-defined hard-sell methods. Finally, the third objective is to compare those responses with responses to sales pitches that do not use those techniques and analyse the results to determine if the aggressive tactics are as or more effective at closing the sale. LITERATURE SEARCH Academic sources define hard-sell techniques as those sale tactics that tell customers to take action and use forceful language (Englis, 1994, pp. 143). A hard-sell techniq ue sets up a framework between the salesperson and the customer â€Å"where there is a 'winner' or 'loser'† (Meredith 2009, pp 36). ... Generally, what a consumer refers to as a hard sell approach involves pushy and possibly rude salespeople, overly long sales pitches, and multiple demonstrations of a product they have already turned down (Consumer Affairs, 2002). Alternatively, the low-pressure or â€Å"soft sell† salesperson focuses on forming a relationship with the customer (Meredith 2009, pp 36). These techniques advocate listening to the customer, asking the right questions, and waiting for the customer to request a solution before offering a product (Rosen, 2007). According to an analysis by Pine and Davis, manufacturing of custom products to fill an individual customer's needs is the future in many industries (1999, pp 263). Customization would be the epitome of soft-sell techniques, as exactly what the customer requests is what the salesperson could provide. What is not covered in their study, however, is whether the availability of customization will replace the need for strong sales tactics; simply being able to solve a customer's problem does not guarantee a sale. When using a hard-sell method, the salesperson must be careful not to ignore what the customer needs in the interest of moving product; but a less aggressive salesperson may take too long in offering a specific solution and lose the sale in that way (Rosen 2007). Both of these failures to please the customer could hurt repeat business. Customer satisfaction, with not only the product but with their experience of the sale, is the key determinant of whether the customer will return for future business, recommend the product or service to a friend, or purchase upgrades and other services (Ahearne et al, 2005). Customer

Gender issues and changes at work facing human resource management and Essay

Gender issues and changes at work facing human resource management and promoting equality at work through diversity - Essay Example One important fact to question is one that begs an inquiry into why women fail to move up the employment hierarchy. One possible explanation has to do with the perception that women do not "fit in" with the traditional "male" profile. This is most prevalent in the choice of employment conceived by children which translates to future adult employment aspirations. As children career choices are guided by hobbies, skill sets and the notion that some careers are more attractive than others. In so doing, the traditional gender roles play a crucial rule. Female children tend to aspire to employment with fits the traditional gender roles of women being employed in a subservient position while male children tend to aspire employment which places men in dominant positions such as that of upper level managerial positions. This bias in the rating process may lead to subjec ¬tive selection and promotion decisions. In fact, in a HRM survey on work place diversity and the decision to promote individuals within an organization indicates that subjectivity plays a vital role. Other barriers cited by this survey include lack of developmental exposure and experiences provided to women, and selection through word-of-mouth networking from current male employees. Fur ¬ther, most of these organizations steer their women em ¬ployees into staff positions.

Importance of hand washing

Importance of hand washing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main causes of transmission of infection is contaminated hands. Routine hand washing is one of the most effective measures used to prevent or control this transmission of infectious diseases. To ensure its effectiveness however, specific techniques needs to be carried out. The following are some of the topics which will be addressed: The importance of hand washing Proper hand washing techniques Short-term alternatives to hand washing Promoting good hand hygiene The Importance of Hand washing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hand washing is an important technique in removing or reducing the number of microorganisms from the hands. This in turn will reduce the potential transmission of these microorganisms directly to others or to surfaces where they can be picked up by others. Washing of ones hands will also decreases the risk of transmission of infectious agents to self. Hand washing is especially important among healthcare workers. â€Å"Contaminated hands of health care workers are a primary source of infection transmission in health care setting† (Perry and Potter, 2009, p.655). Of equal importance is also hand washing among young children. In this instance it can help prevent common illnesses such as the flu and help them stay healthier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some of the most common diseases that can be spread through hand to hand contact are infectious diarrhea, the flu, the common cold and also some intestinal disorders. This can affect people who are more vulnerable to infectious diseases such as those with reduced defenses including the elderly or even very young children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other consequences of not washing the hands or improper washing of hands includes food related illnesses for example E.coli infection or salmonella. These conditions can also lead to intestinal problems which can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Effective Hand washing Techniques   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hands should be: washed under running water, using a single dose of liquid soap or antiseptic; vigorously rubbed together for 10-15 seconds; rinsed thoroughly under running water and dried with a disposable paper towel (Gould D.Drey, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hand washing technique may sound simple, but to be effective it must be done correctly. Gould D.Drey (2008) made reference to Feldmans criteria which was developed to evaluate hand hygiene technique. Some of the criteria listed in the article were; whether soap bubbles appeared, the absence of environmental contamination by avoiding splashing and coverage of the hand surfaces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another evaluation technique mentioned by Gould D. Drey (2008) was done by Taylor who according to the article, nurses were persuaded to perform their hand washing routine with their eyes shut. A dye was then used to show the parts of the hand that had not received contact. In this instance if parts of the hand did not receive contact during washing this was a sign of inadequate hand washing. Short-Term Alternatives to Hand washing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In addition to hand washing with antiseptic products, hand disinfection also includes the use of alcohol containing waterless hand sanitizers† (Handwashing, Cover story, 2002). The article further went on to say alcohol was an effective alternative when water or towels are not readily available. The availability and convenience of hand sanitizers and antimicrobial gels can also increase compliance in hand cleansing particularly in instances where soap and water are not readily available. Promoting Good Hand Hygiene   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to promote good hand hygiene some of the reasons for being non-compliant must be addressed. Lack of time and a heavy workload were stated as barriers to hand hygiene compliance (R. Baret and J. Randle, 2008). This is mostly evident among health care workers. Some of the things that can be done to improve non-compliance includes; effective communication and education about infection control, reminders posted visually to promote good hand hygiene, conveniently located dispensing equipment with hand sanitizers, only to list a few.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Practicing good hand hygiene prevents the transmission of nosocomial infections which are only acquired while in heath care facility. Not only are the health care workers to wash hands but encouraging patients and their visitors to do the same will to continue the cycle of infection control. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The practice of hand washing is no longer only a means of personal hygiene but an important measure of infection control. The incidents of transmitting infectious disease can be minimized by ensuring that hands are washed after using the restroom, before and after eating, when hands are visibly dirty or contaminated, after contact with animals or other persons intact skin, after contact with body fluids, after contact with inanimate objects and the list is not redundant by any means.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major way to reduce the incidents of transmitting infections is to think of frequent hand washing, not to be optional but as a rule. Secondly, always keep in mind that the use of gloves does not eliminate the need to wash hands. To protect your health it is recommended you wash your hands as often as necessary.

A Farewell To Arms by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Farewell Arms Hemingwa

A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway about an American ambulance driver in Italy during World War I, and the nurse, Catherine Barkley, with whom he falls in love. The story is narrated by his driver, named Frederic Henry. Whether or not this book is truly an anti-war novel is debatable, but it well depicts the effects an ongoing war has on soldiers and how the men try to numb this pain. Henry's close friend at the front, Rinaldi, forgets the war with the help of sex and seduction, the priest takes comfort in God, the Captain has humor and jokes about the priest, and almost all drink profusely, taking wine and brandy like water. But the most important and notable attempt to escape from the pain of war is Henry and Catherine's: they hide from the real world in their imaginary tales of love, then become buried in obsession with each other, but, eventually, they truly love one another. Mr. Henry meets Ms. Barkley (very appropriately) in the springtime. Rinaldi originally was planning on having a relationship with the English nurse, but forfeited her to Henry when he saw their mutual interest. When Catherine and Henry first met, she was carrying a rattan stick, and Henry asks about it. Catherine explains: "‘It belonged to a boy who was killed last year'... ‘He was a very nice boy. He was going to marry me and he was killed in the Somme.'" (Hemingway, 18) The fact that she is carrying around one of her fiancee's possessions shows that she is still mourning his death. Catherine, wanting escape from the grief of her fiancee‘s death, and Henry, wanting to forget about the war, begin their relationship. Since their relationship was born of a need for entertainment rather than real mutual interest, it started off as... ...the end the world kills you. Catherine gets a hemorrhage, and Henry pleads with God not to let her die. Before she does, she tells Henry that she wants him to have other girls. Even while dying she was thinking about Henry's happiness, a sure sign of honest love. Catherine dies, and Henry walks to his hotel alone, in the rain. Henry and Catherine both tried to hide from the pain of reality in each other. Their relationship started as a meaningless game, but as their need for companionship grew they became obsessed with each other and their love. Finally, when the fantasies and dreams were not enough, they literally ran away from the war together. In the end, even though their love started as a lie, it is obvious that they both held a true love for each other. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms . New York: Scribner Classics, 1997. Print.

Death Penalty Synthesis

The death penalty goes back as far as the 17th century. From burning alive to beating to death, the death penalty was carried out in some of the cruelest and most painful ways one could imagine. Although more efficient ways of execution have been discovered, such as lethal injections, capital punishment is still ruthless and a lot of times unnecessary. Capital punishment is like the easy way out of dealing with criminals by â€Å"eliminating the complexities of judge and jury† (Source J), when there are much more efficient punishments that could be used when dealing with a felony.Capital punishment should not be used for so many different reasons; it is immoral, very costly and mistakes that could be prevented happen way too often. Some may argue that capital punishment should be used to remove the criminal because they are dangerous and they deserve to be executed but â€Å"the deed is done and taking another life cannot change† (Source A) the fact that one life is alr eady gone. There are other ways of preventing the culprit from harming others, such as removing them for society by putting them in jail.Being sentenced to â€Å"life imprisonment is a far more practical form of retribution† (Source F) for the defendant; it’s much fairer, more efficient and a lot less cruel than execution. Citizens are just as safe when the criminal is in jail as they would be if capital punishment was used. Plus, if the criminal was eventually found guilty then they could be freed from jail. According to the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person† (Source B).Capital punishment â€Å"violates the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment† (Source K) by taking away the right to life that every citizen has. The criminal has the right to â€Å"equal protection under the law† (Source K) no matter what the situation might be. The death penalty is promoting violence more than anything else.Executing someone for their wrongdoing makes it appear that killing someone is acceptable, but it’s not and shouldn’t be tolerated no matter what the  circumstances are. Studies have shown that capital punishment does not affect the amount of crimes committed (Source F); therefore using the death penalty has no impact on preventing the murders from happening. Capital punishment is not only the most â€Å"cruel and uncivilized punishment† (Source F), but it is also the most expensive and most time consuming solution to punishing the criminal.On average, one â€Å"death penalty case resulting in a death sentence costs approximately $3 million† (Source C), which is â€Å"a waste of taxpayer funds and has no public safety benefit† (Source K). Taxes need to be spent on improvements for the state, not on the execution of one person when there are much more efficient solutions to punishing the culprit. The most brutal part of ca pital punishment is the fact that it is possible to take an innocent person’s life, which happens way more than it should.There have been 142 people â€Å"freed from death row after being exonerated with DNA or other kinds of evidence† (Source F), if that evidence wouldn’t have been found in time then any one of those innocent people could have been executed for doing nothing wrong. Some research shows that one in every ten people executed were later found guilty; if they hadn’t been put through capital punishment then many innocent people could have been saved from suffering for something they were never responsible for.Not only are innocent people executed, also deciding â€Å"who should be sent to death row is arbitrary and discriminatory† (Source F). Studies by professors at North Carolina University have shown that the â€Å"odds of receiving a death sentence raised by 3. 5 times among those defendants whose victims where white† (Source C), which shows how race might have an impact on whether or not the death penalty is used in the case. There are so many reasons why capital punishment is not the answer to a crime. Everyone has the right to live and deserves a second chance.The death penalty doesn’t prevent violence, it only promotes it. It is an expensive process that can end up accidently putting innocent people to death because they were blamed for something they really didn’t do. Without capital punishment, the world would be a much better place and many innocent lives could be saved, and the guilty criminals can get help and continue their lives while not harming anymore citizens. Capital punishment is unconstitutional and should be avoided at all costs, no matter what the situation may be.

Leonard Peltier Case essays

Leonard Peltier Case essays One of the modern Native Americans' most prominent leaders, Leonard Peltier, was arrested in the summer of 1975 and eventually sentenced to two life terms for a crime many believe he did not commit. The conviction and imprisonment of Leonard Peltier is an injustice. His prosecution by the United States government represents yet another attempt to snuff out American Indian culture and leaders. The outspokenness of Peltier and other AIM members may be the only reason why Leonard Peltier has sat in prison for the last 24 years. Leonard Peltier is a Native American of mixed blood, being approximately 75 percent Sioux blood. His early life could be there story of almost any Native American growing up in the 1960's. Born in Grand Forks, ND, he was raised in poverty on "the res,"" as Peltier says in his book, My Life Is My Sundance, "My Grandfather used to come home from the store with our rations, and I would always ask him why he couldn't bring more" (24). Peltier was later removed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to a boarding school after his grandfather passed away. This unsanctioned removal was Leonard's first taste of the intrusion of the US Government into Native American life. At the school, the BIA attempted to strip all Indian qualities, including cutting the boy's long hair. The school was ruled by a strict superintendent, which meant frequent and excessive punishments. "The sound of a child being struck and the screaming and crying that follows still haunts me today. I can't bear t o see a child spanked" (Peltier, 26). A few years later, a teenaged Peltier was allowed to call home and go back living with his family on the Turtle Ridge Reservation in North Dakota. He soon received his first taste of racism when a group of white boys began throwing rocks at him. As Leonard relates in Peter Matthiessen's In The Spirit Of Crazy Horse, "One of the older ones said, He's a dirty...

Critically evaluate the contribution of the Essay Example

Critically evaluate the contribution of the Essay Example Critically evaluate the contribution of the Essay Critically evaluate the contribution of the Essay Critically measure the part of the classical school of theoretician to our apprehension of administration direction Introduction Schools of direction idea forms the theoretical foundation for direction surveies. These schools of idea have emerged in the late nineteenth century, and evolved over the centuries supplying rich political orientations in the apprehension of direction techniques, organisational behavior, and patterns. The schools of direction ideas are categorized into three wide classs, viz. classical, behavioral and systems schools. Among these, the classical schools of theoreticians are possibly the most controversial yet cardinal to direction surveies. The classical schools of direction thought belongs to the oldest group of theoreticians whose concerns have been to increase organisational efficiency. Theorists in the classical schools therefore dominate the survey of direction in the stipulating how work processes and organisational efficiency can be improved through assorted theoretical models and patterns. Statement The undermentioned subdivision is a critical rating of how classical schools of direction theoreticians contribute to our apprehension of organisational direction. It aims to explicate that classical theoreticians continue to be the foundation of organisational surveies because they help us understand the cosmopolitan organisational elements such as human behavior, organisational construction and procedures. Discussion Management is the survey of organisational behaviors. It is a societal scientific discipline subject that uses scientific methods to set up and formalize theories. Historically, the direction subject had bordered the survey of behavioral and natural surveies. However as the subject progressed, assorted theoreticians established that organisational direction is a combination of the survey of procedures and direction techniques every bit good as human psychological science. This conceptualisation did non emerge instantly but bit by bit progressed by the classical school of theoreticians from the late nineteenth century through the twenty-first century [ 1 ] . The classical school of direction theory possibly began with Tomas Bata whose direction system became the footing for scholarly involvements in the late nineteenth century. He believed in the development of the workplace depended on the workers every bit good as on leaders who were responsible for understanding, analysing and larning about organisational procedures. He emphasized on the usage of engineering for volume and quality production. Thus, Bata part had been based on the extremist invention in transforming organisational resources and its efficient use. [ 2 ] Similarly, Edward Cadbury in the early twentieth century introduced the Bourneville construct. The basic premiss of the proprietor of the cocoa company had been to put in his work force to guarantee they were more productive. This in bend would construct good will with the workers every bit good as the community, which the company served. Possibly Edward and his male parent George Cadbury were the first to present a system for human resources direction, which became a widespread phenomenon even today [ 3 ] . Similarly, Max Boisot introduced the influential thought of constructing organisational constructions to ease human activities, and thereby influenced their efficiency. This processed involved the edifice of organisational communicating construction that would ease inter-communication every bit good as circulation of cognition to better productiveness and efficiency. [ 4 ] These early enterprises by Boisot, Cadbury, Bat’a and a host of others perked the involvements of bookmans of the direction subject. Classical schools of direction idea were formalized by the surveies carried out by bookmans and practicians like Taylor, Fayol, Weber, Drucker etc. Today, their surveies have been grouped as the scientific, administrative and bureaucratism direction. Scientific direction emerged during the period of industrialisation and societal passage. Frederick W. Taylor was its chief innovator who was of the position that direction was the survey of best method for carry throughing organisational undertakings by choosing qualified staffs, trained them to work in cooperation with the direction to accomplish common opportunisms. Taylor s survey introduced the formal credence of human resources direction by set uping criterions, wage systems, policies and public presentation direction. His positions have greatly contributed to modern twenty-four hours direction as it allowed studiers to understand direction is a scientific discipline of all direction procedures and applications. [ 5 ] Scientific attack to direction survey moreover aids modern twenty-four hours practicians in understanding how human behavior could be integrated in organisational constructions and procedures. Peter Drucker for illustration posited that staff public presentation is based on aims, while aims determine the public presentation of the organisation. Douglas McGregor furthers this political orientation and writes that the director is the key to driving the subsidiaries frontward by actuating them and training them to concentrate on the aims. [ 6 ] Related to behavioral integrating is the experience-based apprehension of direction. Classical administrative theoretician Henri Fayol at the beginning of the twentieth century studied the experiences and processes that directors go through. He stated that all organisations engage in activities such as production, commercialism, finance, security, accounting and direction. As organisations became larger, they need to concentrate on the elements of control and coordination to guarantee undertakings were completed and resources were utilised expeditiously. He introduced the construct of POSDCORB ( planning, organizing, staffing, directing, co-ordinating, coverage and budgeting ) . Furthermore, he besides stated that activities in organisations can be categorized based on his celebrated 14 rules so that the director could minimise hazards and uncertainness at the workplace. This he surmised from his observations of directors and their day-to-day activities. [ 7 ] Thus, for Fayol directi on was about organisation of undertakings and activities so that the director has more clip to concentrate on organisational efficiency. Max Weber who introduced the construct of bureaucratism direction has taken up this construct of organisational efficiency. Weber was of the position that organisations are made of societal relationships of people working within the organisation every bit good as those working exterior of the organisation. The hierarchy of the authorization to guarantee the organisation run expeditiously was governed by the organisational construction and civilization. [ 8 ] Weber introduced the construct of formal organisation and stated that workers need to follow concatenation of bids, and likewise should be treated as particular groups with specialization, specific imposts, makings, emotions and stuff involvements. Those with the most materiality have the highest bid and authorization because they have the power to influence others. However, for an organisation to be effectual, rational regulations and systems should be set up to guarantee maltreatment of power does non happen and obedience achie ved. [ 9 ] The premiss of bureaucratism theoreticians had been to stress on the relation of the organisation with the civil society and those within it. By specifying constructions, hierarchy and concatenation of bids these theoreticians believed directors would be able to extinguish the hazard of noncompliance and/or misconstruing or abuse of interpersonal dealingss. Decision Given the above treatment, the research worker is of the position that the classical schools of direction theoreticians based their conceptual models on the generalised direction patterns and experiences of the persons. They are practical even in today s environment because they have been based on human behaviors and its apprehension. Since human behaviors are dynamic, direction ideas or surveies that follow it besides become dynamic, and applicable in any given state of affairs regardless of the clip period. However, theoreticians like Weber and his followings based their constructs on organisational construction and hierarchy tends to go out-of-date because one must understand that organisations evolve harmonizing to societal demands, technological alteration, political influence and environment advancement, hence establishing direction premiss on old organisational construction and theoretical accounts becomes excess. For this ground, one could state that the classical schools of thought tend to go limited at times in explicating modern twenty-four hours direction issues. Bibliography Ackroyd S and Fleetwood, S ( 2000 ) Realist Perspectives on Management and Organisations. Routledge: London. Barnett, T. ( 2006 ) Management Thought, Reference for Business, Thomson Gale, Online accessed on 22 June 2006 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-Thought.html Fayol, H ( 1949 ) General and Industrial Administration. Sir Issac Pitman A ; Sons, Ltd. : London. Harding N ( 2003 ) The Social Construction of Management: Text and Identities. Routledge: New York. Miller, T R and Vaughan B J ( 2001 ) Messages from the Management Past: Authoritative Writers and Contemporary Problems. SAM Advanced Management Journal. Volume: 66. Issue: 1. pp4 Miner, J B ( 2002 ) Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Theories, and Analyses. Oxford University Press: New York, pp59 Witzel, M ( 2003 ) Fifty Key Figures in Management. Routledge: New York. 1

Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Business - Assignment Example There is other ways/tool also listed. This is a serious threat to the privacy of an individual. It is also unethical for someone’s personal conversation or movements to be monitored. 3 The main issue/concern SWIPE is addressing is about the swiping of driver’s license and using the information obtained to purposes other than mentioned to the license holder. That is, there is greater data encrypted in the cards than one thinks. Many businesses such as bars swipe the cards for various purposes such as determining the age of the customer (bars). But the data obtained can also be used for other purposes such as marketing and illegal selling of data. Hence, there is an issue of privacy here which needs to be addresses. There must strict rules implemented in order to avoid misuse of this information. 4. As mentioned above there are definitely ethical and privacy issues involved. It is general understanding that the information is used only for the purpose intended. But once obtaining the data if it is used for a purpose other than mentioned to card holder, then it is unethical. Also all information available in the card is not necessary to fulfil the intended purpose and hence there is unwanted information that is made available which raises privacy issues. Personally I am not comfortable with such information being accessible to others until and unless it is absolutely necessary. 5. Texas has no data encoded on the cards which contrasts other states such as Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky as they have a lot of data encoded and also intend to add more data to it. The data they currently encode includes Licence number, expiration date, sex, name, etc. This means that the privacy of the card holders is respected but it would be beneficial for legal entities such as polices to have some minimal data

Answering the given questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answering the given questions - Essay Example ‘Syn’ means same while ‘optic’ means relating to sight or view. However, despite these similarities, the three books also have various differences but there are difficulties in pointing them out. These difficulties are referred to as synoptic problem. For instance, the remarkable similarity of flow of events and point of view in the gospels of Mathew, Mark and Luke make one wonder if they had a common source of information Even though we still acknowledge the role of the Holy Spirit. Although the gospel of Mathew is shorter, the similarity of these three books could also be as a result of them referring to each other’s works when writing the gospels. The common source suspected of having being used is referred to as ‘Q’ from the German word quell. This word means source. However, this document has never been discovered and none of the fathers of the early churches ever made a mention of it. However, the synoptic books are still used in inspiring hope and bringing more people to the religion of Christianity. These gospels are still useful in achieving the purpose of the bible. Gospel is generally referred to as the revelation of Jesus Christ. It is a record of Christ’s teaching in the first four books of the New Testament in the bible. The name gospel means good news which a translation from the Greek word ‘euangelizo’. This refers to the message contained in the New Testament books reveal good news that brings hope and inspirations to followers and encourages people to convert to the Christian religion. Gospel of Christ the Son of God and offers deliverance from sin. Rudolf Karl Bultmann was a New Testament Scholar who intended Form Criticism. He refused to accept the imminent supremacy of God and felt that there was a problem with the gospels having an eschatological Jesus who announced the end of the world. He was one among several other critics of the gospel. Bultmann had an existentialist theory which he founded on the